What role did the Second Continental Congress play in the establishment of the Marine Corps?

The Second Continental Congress played a pivotal role in the establishment of the Marine Corps by authorizing the formation of Marine battalions. This decision came about during the American Revolutionary War when the need for a dedicated fighting force to serve aboard naval vessels and engage in land operations became evident. The Congress recognized the necessity of having Marines to ensure the success of naval missions and to support the Continental Army.

By explicitly authorizing these Marine battalions, the Second Continental Congress laid the groundwork for what would become the United States Marine Corps, which is distinct for its roles in shipboard operations and amphibious assaults. This decision marked a significant moment in military history, as it officially recognized the need for a specialized force that could operate effectively both at sea and on land.

The other options do not accurately represent the historical actions of the Second Continental Congress in relation to the Marine Corps. For instance, while funding for naval ships was important, it wasn't directly linked to the establishment of the Marine Corps. Appointing the first Commandant and establishing maritime laws, while relevant to naval operations and organization, were not among the Congressional actions that directly led to the formation of the Marine Corps as a distinct entity.